Removing biofilm from hot tub plumbing is a crucial aspect of maintaining water quality and preventing potential health hazards, such as the potentially deadly Legionnaire’s Disease. Biofilm is a complex matrix of microorganisms — including bacteria, algae, fungi, and other organic matter — that can develop in the plumbing lines over time. Here are several methods for biofilm removal:
Chemical Cleaners:
Enzyme Cleaners: Enzyme-based cleaners are designed to break down the organic material that makes up biofilm. They can be effective at removing biofilm without harsh chemicals.
Antimicrobial Cleaners: Some antimicrobial cleaners are specifically formulated to target and eliminate bacteria and algae, which are common components of biofilm.
High-Pressure Flushing:
Using high-pressure water or air, you can forcefully flush the plumbing lines to dislodge and remove biofilm. This method can be effective, but it's important to be cautious not to damage the plumbing system.
Acidic Cleaners:
Acidic solutions, like citric acid or diluted vinegar, can help dissolve and remove biofilm. They work by lowering the pH, which weakens the structure of the biofilm.
Chlorine Shock Treatment:
A high dose of chlorine, known as a shock treatment, can be used to kill the microorganisms in the biofilm. Note that while the biofilm may be killed, the dense matrix will still remain, which can be a safe harbor for future microbes to thrive. A shock treatment should be followed by a thorough flush to remove the dead material.
Bromine Shock Treatment:
Similar to chlorine, bromine can be used in a shock treatment to kill the microorganisms. It's important to follow up with a thorough flush.
Use of Brushes or Scrapers: Specialized brushes or scrapers designed for hot tub plumbing can physically remove biofilm. This method is effective for physically dislodging and breaking apart biofilm.
Maintenance and Flushing:
Regularly flushing the plumbing lines with clean water and conducting routine maintenance can prevent the buildup of biofilm in the first place.
It's important to note that when using any chemical or cleaning method, you should follow manufacturer instructions and consider the specific materials of your hot tub's plumbing to avoid damage.
Additionally, ensure that you properly rinse and flush the plumbing system after using any cleaning method to remove residual chemicals or debris before refilling the hot tub with clean water. Regular maintenance and preventive measures are key to keeping biofilm at bay in the long term.
Antimicrobial Cleaners
BioGuard Soft Soak TRIO: Soft Soak TRIO is a non-chlorine system for hot tubs that includes a sanitizer, oxidizer, and algicide. It is EPA registered for use in hot tubs.
SpaGuard Brominating Tablets: SpaGuard offers brominating tablets that are EPA registered as a sanitizer for hot tubs. Bromine is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including those that contribute to biofilm formation.
Leisure Time Spa Defender: Spa Defender is designed to prevent the buildup of scale and stains in hot tubs, but it also has antimicrobial properties that can help combat biofilm. It works by sequestering minerals, making them less likely to form deposits. Leisure Time offers a range of spa sanitizers, and some of their products are EPA registered for use in hot tubs. Always verify the specific product's EPA registration status.
Nature 2 Spa Stick: Nature 2 is a mineral-based sanitizer system that utilizes silver ions to inhibit bacterial growth. While it primarily helps with general sanitation, it can also contribute to reducing biofilm buildup over time.
ProTeam Spa Metal Magic: Metal Magic is a sequestering agent designed to prevent staining from metals in the water. It also has antimicrobial
Photo credit: https://www.nist.gov/image/legionellabiofilm- pipes properties that reduce biofilm formation.
Ahh-Some Hot Tub Cleaner: Ahh-Some is an EPA-registered, specialized hot tub cleaner known for its ability to remove biofilm, scale, and other organic contaminants. It uses a powerful blend of enzymes and surfactants.
Oxy-Spa Non-Chlorine Shock: Oxy-Spa is a non-chlorine shock treatment that uses monopersulfate compounds to oxidize organic contaminants, including biofilm. It's effective for maintaining clean and clear water.
Robarb Spa Specialties Spa Oxidizing Shock: This oxidizing shock treatment for hot tubs is EPA registered. It helps eliminate organic contaminants, including those associated with biofilm.
Spa Perfect: Spa Perfect is an enzyme-based cleaner designed to break down organic matter, including biofilm, in hot tubs. It's effective at keeping plumbing lines and surfaces free from organic buildup.
When using any of these products, it's crucial to carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding dosage, application, and safety precautions. Additionally, ensure compatibility with your specific hot tub model and materials to avoid any potential damage. Regular use of these cleaners, in combination with routine maintenance, can help prevent biofilm and maintain water quality in your customers’ hot tubs.
