For more than a century, one word has defined swimming pool sanitation: Chlorine. It is familiar, effective, relatively inexpensive, and — when manage...

If sanitizers are designed to prevent disease, why do outbreaks still occur in professionally maintained pools? The primary purpose of chlorine — and ...

Will UV destroy chlorine? Yes — but less than most people think. Inline UV systems can break down both free chlorine and chloramines, but contact time...

Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidizers used in pool and spa water treatment. It is not a replacement for chlorine. It is a supplemental technolog...

Ultraviolet (UV) sanitation is widely used in commercial aquatic facilities and increasingly marketed into residential pools and spas. Like ozone, it ...

Bromine is a halogen sanitizer closely related to chlorine, operating within the same fundamental chemistry: the formation of a reactive hypohalous ac...

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are among the most powerful — and least understood — technologies in pool and spa water treatment. AOP systems comb...

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) systems represent one of the few widely available approaches that attempt to operate without chlorine or bromine as...

By Marcelle Dibrell It began as a chemistry debate, but it may end as a regulatory reckoning — United Chemical’s bromate study has wrapped, and the En...

To understand how all these specialty chemicals fit together, it helps to distinguish between thermodynamics and kinetics — concepts that underlie all...